d.Class Notes #14

Why is global population increasing?

• Components of population growth are:
• Natural increase.
• About 82 million people are added to the population of the world annually (note: this does not mean that only 82 million people are born).
• More than 95% of the natural increase is clustered in developing countries.
• Fertility.
• Total Fertility Rate (TFR).
• TFR for the world is 2.5 (according to the CIA, 2.42).
• Mortality.
• Infant Mortality Rate (IMR).
• Is used by geographers to better understand death rates in a society.
• Defined as the annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age, compared with the total of live births.
• Usually expressed in per 1,000 of the population instead of percentage.
• 5 per 1,000 in developed countries and 80 per 1,000 in the developing countries of Sub-Saharan Africa.
• Developed countries have
• Lower rates of …
• Natural increase.
• Crude birth.
• Total fertility.
• Infant mortality.
• Developing countries have 
• Higher rates of …
• All mentioned above.
• Population structure.
• Special bar graph known as a population pyramid can visually display a country's distinctive population structure.
• x-axis
• Percent of males displayed at the left of zero (the women took the right and it was the only place left).
• Percent of females displayed at the right (women are always right).
• y-axis
• Age is grouped into bulks of 5-years.
• Youngest are at the bottom and the oldest at the top.
• Dependency ratio.
• Number of people who are unable to work (from 0-14 and over 65 years of age) compared to the number of people in productive years.
• Larger dependency ratios imply greater financial burden on the working class.