e.Class Notes #17

Migration
Key Terms
Where are migrants distributed?
Where do people migrate within a country?
Why do people migrate?
Why do migrants face obstacles?

• Mobility is a generalized term which refers to any type of movement.
• Short-term and repetitive acts of mobility are referred to as circulation (basically a mobility cycle).
• Permanent move to a location is called migration.
• Ravenstein's "laws" for the distance that migrants typically move.
• Most migrants relocate a short distance and remain within the same country.
• Long-distance migrants to other countries head for major centers of economic activity (other known as cities).
• Migration can be divided into two categories:
• 1. International Migration - permanent move from one country to another.
• It can either be voluntary (pull forces),
• or forced (push forces).
• 2. Internal Migration - permanent move within the same country.
• Interregional.
• Intraregional.
• Approximately 9% of the world's population (huge amount of people) are international immigrants.
• A global pattern reflects migration from developing countries to developed countries.
• Net Out-Migration.
• Most emigrants come from Asia, Latin America, and Africa.
• Net In-Migration.
• Mostly, those emigrants immigrate into Northern America, Europe, and Oceania.
• The US has more foreign-born residents than any other country (43 million immigrants, increasing annually by one million).
• There were three main eras of immigration in the United States:
• 1. Colonial settlement from the 1600 to the 1700s (financial agreements were made to live in "The New World").
• Mass European immigration in the late 1800s and early 1900s (employment opportunities and better crops).
• Asian and Latin American integration in the late 1900s and early 2000s (better living opportunities, as in education, jobs, and medical care).